The Lombard laws Katherine Fischer Drew訳 です。(「Rothari's Edict」をクリックしてください)
●Chapter 176 [Concerning lepers.]
On lepers. If anyone is afflicted with leprosy and the truth of the matter is recognized by the judge or by the people and the leper expelled from the district (civitas=市民・都市) or from his house so that he lives alone, he shall not have the right to alienate his property or give it to anyone. Because on the day that he is expelled from his home, it is as if he had died. Nevertheless, while he lives he should be nourished on the income from that which remains.
●Chapter 180[Concerning the girl who become a leper after her betrothal(婚約).]
Concerning the girl who become a leper after her betrothal. If it happens that after a girl or woman has been betrothed she becomes leprous or blind in both eyes, then her betrothed husband shall receive back his property and he shall not be required to take her to wife against his will. And he shall not be guilty in this・・・
●Chapter 230[Concerning bondsmen(奴隷) who are lepers.]
On bondsmen who are lepers. If anyone buys a bondsman and afterwards he turns out to be a leper or mad, then the seller, if he is accuseed, shall offer oath alone that he did not know of this infirmity when he sold the bondsman. [And if he can so swear], he shall not be further liable.
Outside of Rome, few references to leprosy survive from the Western provinces until 539 when the bishops of Gaul met in a synod at Orleans. Here the bishops approved a number of canons to regulate Christian life in the new political world of German dominance. One of these canons stated that Christian piety required that the bishop of each city provide lepers with food and clothing from the resources of the local church. At a later synod held in Lyons in 583, the bishops reaffirmed that they themselves should assist lepers but added that leprosy victims should receive aid only in the cities where they had permanent residence and should not wander from place to place. The synod of Lyons thus enacted the first restrictive regulation against lepers found in our research of primary sources.
上の文章はどうもそこのところと同じことを言っている・・・そう思って調べたところ「a synod at Orleans=オルレアンの宗教会議」と分かっても、文献が出てこない。結局「3d Synod of Orleans, 538.」というのが見付かりましたが、これが誠に興味深いのです。検索結果を読んでみると殆どがユダヤ人に対する外出禁止などの規制の話で、なんと538年に宗教会議で決められたこの規制が、ナチによってそのまま改竄・利用されていたのです。「The Roots of Anti-Semitism(反ユダヤ主義のルーツ)」のようなサイトが沢山有って驚きます。ナチの悪賢さが垣間見えて腹が立ってきますが・・・。ここまでやっていたのですね、ったく・・・。
で、結局そうこうしている内に、標題の英訳を見付けました。これなら一応、一応ですが「Wikipedia」にも記されています。ただ荒井英子氏の解釈では539年(正しくは538年です)のオルレアンも583年のリヨンも同様に「癩者」を規制する決議としていますが、これは実は間違っているようです。簡単に言えば、オルレアンの時点では「食べ物や衣服を教会の負担で供給する」という「供与」の規定だったのが、リヨンでは「町に永住していてあちこち移動しないこと」という「規制」の規定になっていることです。この筆者はそういうキリスト教の姿勢の変化を訴えたかったのでしょう。「the first restrictive regulation against lepers」と決めつけています。
While leprosy had been introduced into Europe by at least the first century BC, increasing contact with the scourge of leprosy by European pilgrims occurred after the fourth century AD when the conversion(キリスト教の公認) of the Byzantine Emperor Constantine the Great [emperor AD 306-337] and his mother’s St. Helena influence generated an interest in the Holy Land, and transformed Jerusalem into a magnet of Christian pilgrimage.
The Church continued to look uponlepers as bodily and morally unclean individuals regulating intheir regard in the Council of Ancyra(アンキュラ宗教会議) in AD 314; however in the late fourth century the Bishop of Caesarean St. Basil the Great established a leprosarium in the maritime city of Ptolemais [now Acre] to care for these unfortunates. These services were gradually expanded by further establishments set up in Jerusalem, Bethlehem and Nazareth.
The institution, established with a gift from the emperor Valens comprising the income from several villages, was run by the monastic community. In addition, with the support of wealthy citizens, he(Saint Basil) may have established a leprosarium as well, where not only lepers but also others sufferng from various infirmities could find shelter and support. Toward the end of the same century,John Chrysostom, bishop of Constantinople(398-404), opened, in the capital, institutions similar to that of Saint Basil, that is , hospitals. ...The hospitals founded by Saint Basil was supported, as we have mentioned, by a gift from the emperor, wheras the ones established by Saint John Chrysostom may have the bishop's expense account.
こう書いてあります。やはり「Saint Basil」が「leprosarium」建設の先駆者で、Saint John Chrysostom が数十年後に追いかけて沢山建設したと、解釈しても良いのではないでしょうか。試みに「st.basil leprosarium」で検索してみてください。かなりの論文がこれをバックアップしてくれます・・・^^
There has recently come to light, however, some new evidence which would seem to challenge the reliability of Palladius. A newly discovered manuscript, which unfortunately lacks both the biginning and end, proves to be a life of St. John Chrysostom. This anonymous vita gives us certain additional information about the charges which were brought against Chrysostom at the Synod of the Oak. One of the charges was that he had built a leprosarium within the confines of
the residential district of Constantinople.Another・・・
これを思い出してブラウンの「聖書の中の『らい』」をもう一度よく読んでみたのです。そして当時はよく調べなかった「エラシストラトス、ストラトン、ルフス」を丹念に調べてみました。先ず変なのはお気付きの通りルフスの生年・没年です。98年から117年では19歳で死ななければなりません。そこであれこれ検索を重ねて辿り着いたのが「Rufus of Ephesus」。なるほど「エペソのルフス」でした。
ここの「Life」のところになんと有りました。「he lived in the time of Trajan(第13代ローマ皇帝・トラヤヌス) (98-117), which is probably correct」。98-117というのはトラヤヌスの在位期間だったのです。ブラウン氏、それを何か早とちりなさったのでしょうか、お陰で私は3時間ほど回り道を喰わされたというわけでした・・・(^^;)
『収穫はしかし有りました。この「kușțha」の表を完成してみてはっきり言えることが見えてきました。1907年にBhishagratnaによって訳された「THE SUSHRUTA SAMHITA」の中のkușțhaの訳語は実に多彩です。正確に言えば乱雑です。大地原氏の「スシュルタ本集」の訳語も乱雑ですが、それにも増して統一性を欠きます。やはり1999年Sharma訳の「Susruta-Samhita with English Translation of Text and Dalhana's Commentary along with Critical Notes」が最も整合性を保っています。kușțhaが「leprosy」と「skin diseases」の二つの意味で用いられていることを承知の上で、極力原文に忠実に訳しています。こちらには梵語の原文が記載されているために、訳し方がハッキリ読み取れて、それだけで一つの論文が出来かねません、私はもう御免被りますが・・・。
The Lombard laws(備忘録)
投稿者:リベル 投稿日:2009年11月17日(火)08時21分17秒「許嫁の婦人が癩をやむ時は婚約は解消しうるものとし、癩者から市民権を剥奪」するという規定がある、と。
その原典が「Googleブックス」に有りました。
The Lombard laws Katherine Fischer Drew訳 です。(「Rothari's Edict」をクリックしてください)
●Chapter 176 [Concerning lepers.]
On lepers. If anyone is afflicted with leprosy and the truth of the matter is recognized by the judge or by the people and the leper expelled from the district (civitas=市民・都市) or from his house so that he lives alone, he shall not have the right to alienate his property or give it to anyone. Because on the day that he is expelled from his home, it is as if he had died. Nevertheless, while he lives he should be nourished on the income from that which remains.
●Chapter 180[Concerning the girl who become a leper after her betrothal(婚約).]
Concerning the girl who become a leper after her betrothal. If it happens that after a girl or woman has been betrothed she becomes leprous or blind in both eyes, then her betrothed husband shall receive back his property and he shall not be required to take her to wife against his will. And he shall not be guilty in this・・・
●Chapter 230[Concerning bondsmen(奴隷) who are lepers.]
On bondsmen who are lepers. If anyone buys a bondsman and afterwards he turns out to be a leper or mad, then the seller, if he is accuseed, shall offer oath alone that he did not know of this infirmity when he sold the bondsman. [And if he can so swear], he shall not be further liable.
荒井氏の執筆当時(1996年)には「Googleブックス」は勿論インターネットも有りませんでした。思えば今は本当に便利になったものです・・・(感慨無量!)